Article Title: Climate-Resilient Livestock Production Systems

Livestock production faces mounting pressure from rising demand for animal-derived foods and from climate change, which threatens feed availability, animal welfare, and productivity. This article reviews strategies for building climate-resilient livestock systems. Adaptation measures include genetic improvement for heat tolerance and disease resistance, conservation of indigenous breeds, climate-smart housing, nutritional interventions during heat stress, water management, and precision livestock farming. Mitigation measures focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which livestock contribute at roughly 14–15% of the global anthropogenic total, through methane-reducing diets, composting and vermicomposting of manure, anaerobic digestion for biogas and Bio-CNG, and on-farm renewable energy. Integrating adaptation and mitigation offers a practical pathway to sustainable, productive, and climate-smart livestock systems.

Keywords: Climate change, Livestock, Adaptation, Mitigation and Greenhouse gases, Climate-Resilient Livestock Production.